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Rutherfordium vs Mercury

Rutherfordium
Mercury
Mercury vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Hg  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1964  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
121  
23
Number of Electrons
104  
14
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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