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Mercury vs Dubnium

Mercury
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Db  
Group Number
12  
6
5  
13
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
157  
8
Number of Electrons
80  
36
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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