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Rutherfordium vs Copper

Rutherfordium
Copper
Copper vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Cu  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1964  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Copper  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
104  
14
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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