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Copper vs Rutherfordium

Copper
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Rf  
Group Number
11  
7
4  
14
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
-  
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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