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Rutherfordium Zirconium Comparison

Rutherfordium
Zirconium
Zirconium Rutherfordium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Zr   
Group Number
4   
14
4   
14
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440677   
23
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-6 %   
13
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
1,852.00 °C   
15
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
4,377.00 °C   
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
820.00 MPa   
15
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,800.00 m/s   
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Zr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.33   
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.90   
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.22   
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.67   
24
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.05 eV   
26
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
40   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
40   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
51   
99+
Number of Electrons
104   
14
40   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
91.22 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Yttrium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Niobium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
80.00 (-eV)   
18
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
323.20 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
20
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
91.10 GPa   
17
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
88.00 GPa   
22
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
6.51   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
Summary >>
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