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Seaborgium vs Cadmium

Seaborgium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Seaborgium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sg  
Cd  
Group Number
6  
12
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54038812  
9
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1974  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
-  
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa  
34
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
33
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s  
35
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sg  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
-  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
106  
12
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
106  
12
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
106  
12
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
143.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
230.00 pm  
24
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
269.00 amu  
9
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dubnium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Bohrium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.36  
99+
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
35.00 g/cm3  
4
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
35.00 g/cm3  
4
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
12.60 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
35.00  
6
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
1,200.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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