1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74402687440100
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.9 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Moderately Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.6 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,200.00 °C935.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C3,130.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.4 Electronegativity
5.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.6 Ionization Energies
6.6.1 1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.6.4 3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.7.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,761.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.7.4 5th Energy Level
NA5,551.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.7.6 6th Energy Level
6.8.1 7th Energy level
6.8.2 8th Energy Level
6.9.1 9th Energy Level
6.9.2 10th Energy Level
6.11.1 11th Energy Level
6.12.1 12th Energy Level
6.14.1 13th Energy Level
7.1.2 14th Energy Level
7.1.4 15th Energy Level
7.1.5 16th Energy Level
7.2.1 17th Energy Level
7.3.1 18th Energy Level
7.4.2 19th Energy Level
7.4.3 20th Energy Level
7.4.5 21st Energy Level
7.5.2 22nd Energy Level
7.5.3 23rd Energy Level
7.5.5 24th Energy Level
7.5.6 25th Energy Level
7.5.8 26th Energy Level
7.5.9 27th Energy Level
7.6.1 28th Energy Level
7.6.2 29th Energy Level
8.1.2 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.3 Electron Work Function
8.5 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.4 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
136.00 pm182.00 pm
112
265
10.1.1 Covalent Radius
147.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
10.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm239.00 pm
139
348
10.3 Atomic Weight
98.00 amu140.91 amu
6.94
294
10.5 Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
273.50 pm367.25 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA13.20 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.6 Elasticity properties
11.6.1 Shear Modulus
11.6.2 Bulk Modulus
11.6.3 Young's Modulus
11.7 Poisson Ratio
11.8 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
1.2.2 Susceptibility
1.3 Electrical Properties
1.3.1 Electrical Property
1.3.2 Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
1.4.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.4.4 Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.3 Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.4 Critical Temperature
2.6 Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.8 Enthalpy
2.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.8.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.9 Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1