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Thallium vs Flerovium

Thallium
Flerovium
Flerovium vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Fl  
Group Number
13  
5
14  
4
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
54085164  
5
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
198.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
-  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1999  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
67.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
147.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Fl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
2.60  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
114  
4
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
114  
4
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
184  
2
Number of Electrons
81  
35
114  
4
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
171.00 pm  
26
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
289.00 amu  
3
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Nihonium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Moscovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
14.00 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
35.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
15.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
340.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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