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Thallium vs Hassium

Thallium
Hassium
Hassium vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Hs  
Group Number
13  
5
8  
10
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
54037579  
11
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1984  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
230.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
2,450.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
69.00 %  
14
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Hs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
37
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
32
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
21
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,124.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
68,200.00 kJ/mol  
31
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
32,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,089.00 kJ/mol  
22
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,086.50 kJ/mol  
19
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,086.00 kJ/mol  
30
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
108  
10
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
108  
10
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
158  
7
Number of Electrons
81  
35
108  
10
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
22.70 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Bohrium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Meitnerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.31  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
40.70 g/cm3  
1
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
41.00 g/cm3  
1
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
41.00  
2
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
41.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
63.20 kJ/mol  
19
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
25.92 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
21.20 µm/(m·K)  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
126.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
57.20 J/mol.K  
29
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