1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
2.6 CAS Number
74402807439987
7429905
54386242
3.2 Space Group Name
3.3 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
4.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
4.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.7.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.7.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.7.7 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
303.50 °C2,617.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C4,612.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa1,370.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.5 Vickers Hardness
7.7 Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
818
16200
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.8.2 Reflectivity
7.10 Allotropes
7.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.9 Allen Electronegativity
8.5 Electropositivity
8.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.6.7 4th Energy Level
NA4,480.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.6.9 5th Energy Level
NA5,257.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.6.10 6th Energy Level
NA6,640.80 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.6.12 7th Energy level
NA12,125.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.6.14 8th Energy Level
NA13,860.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.6.16 9th Energy Level
NA15,835.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.6.18 10th Energy Level
NA17,980.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.6.20 11th Energy Level
NA20,190.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.6.23 12th Energy Level
NA22,219.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.6.24 13th Energy Level
NA26,930.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.6.27 14th Energy Level
NA29,196.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.6.29 15th Energy Level
NA52,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.6.31 16th Energy Level
NA55,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.6.33 17th Energy Level
NA61,400.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.6.35 18th Energy Level
NA67,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.6.37 19th Energy Level
NA74,000.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.6.40 20th Energy Level
NA80,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
8.6.41 21st Energy Level
NA87,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
8.6.43 22nd Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
8.6.44 23rd Energy Level
NA98,420.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
8.6.46 24th Energy Level
NA104,400.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
8.6.47 25th Energy Level
NA121,900.00 kJ/mol
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121900
121900
8.6.48 26th Energy Level
NA127,700.00 kJ/mol
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127700
127700
8.6.50 27th Energy Level
NA133,800.00 kJ/mol
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133800
133800
8.6.51 28th Energy Level
NA139,800.00 kJ/mol
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139800
139800
8.6.52 29th Energy Level
NA148,100.00 kJ/mol
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148100
148100
8.6.53 30th Energy Level
NA154,500.00 kJ/mol
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154500
154500
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
10.7.4 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
10.8.2 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm154.00 pm
96
260
10.9.2 Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.10 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu95.95 amu
6.94
294
10.11 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
345.66 pm314.70 pm
228.58
891.25
10.19 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa126.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.8.2 Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa230.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.4 Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa329.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.10 Poisson Ratio
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Ductile, Weldable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.4 Permeability
13.1.5 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.1.5 Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.4 Critical Temperature
16.2 Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.4 Enthalpy
16.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.5.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1