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Thallium vs Roentgenium

Thallium
Roentgenium
Roentgenium vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Rg  
Group Number
13  
5
11  
7
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
-  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
54386242  
1
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Roentgenium is a highly unstable synthetic element.  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1994  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
2,800.00 °C  
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
21
-  
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
120.00 MPa  
99+
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
3,430.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
8.00 %  
37
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Rg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
22
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
6
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
11
0.90  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
16
0.80  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,022.70 kJ/mol  
3
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,074.40 kJ/mol  
10
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
24
4th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
4,052.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,306.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
16
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
83,000.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
830.80 kJ/mol  
30
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
19
19th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
538.70 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
3.10 g/amp-hr  
18
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
39
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
81  
35
111  
7
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
111  
7
Number of Neutrons
123  
21
161  
4
Number of Electrons
81  
35
111  
7
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
200.00 pm  
7
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
37
280.00 pm  
6
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
281.00 amu  
6
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
28.70 cm3/mol  
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Darmstadtium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Copernicium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
11.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
23
1.90  
1
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
33
28.70 g/cm3  
6
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
33
28.70 g/cm3  
7
Tensile Strength
47.00 MPa  
39
65.00 MPa  
33
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
12.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
35
28.70  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
28
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
0.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
23.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
577.00 K  
99+
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
12.60 µm/(m·K)  
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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