Home
 Compare Metals

Thallium vs Tin

Thallium
Tin
Tin vs Thallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl  
Sn  
Group Number
13  
5
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440280  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
141.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1861  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %  
32
4 * 10-7 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000009 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
33
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
20
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62  
21
1.96  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25  
5
1.49  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.72  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96  
6
2.21  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.79  
13
1.82  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38  
33
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV  
28
4.42 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81  
35
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81  
35
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
123  
20
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
81  
35
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
22
140.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
39
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm  
30
217.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu  
31
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol  
31
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
6
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3  
31
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3  
13
6.99 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
28
58.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.45  
2
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85  
22
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω  
32
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol  
32
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
29
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K  
33
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K  
19
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Post Transition Metals

Post-Transition Metals

Post-Transition Metals

» More Post-Transition Metals

Compare Post Transition Metals

» More Compare Post Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!