×

Thorium
Thorium

Polonium
Polonium



ADD
Compare
X
Thorium
X
Polonium

Thorium Polonium Comparison

Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Th
Po
1.2 Group Number
016
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.6 Period Number
76
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.9 Block
f block
p block
1.10 Element Family
Actinide
Post-​Transition
1.11 CAS Number
74403267440086
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.16 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
1.17 Space Group Number
194.00221.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1829
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
1.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
1.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
1.8.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
1.11.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
1.3.4 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
2.2.1 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
2.2.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
2.3 Biological Properties
2.3.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
2.3.2 Present in Human Body
2.3.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,750.00 °C254.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
8.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C962.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
8.11 Appearance
8.11.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.11.2 Color
Silver
Silver
8.11.3 Luster
NA
NA
8.12 Hardness
8.12.1 Mohs Hardness
3.00NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
9.6.2 Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
9.9.8 Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
9.11 Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
9.13 Optical Properties
9.13.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
10.1.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
10.3 Allotropes
10.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
10.3.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
10.3.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
Th
Po
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
2829
Tennessine Metal
0 38
11.8 Electronegativity
11.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.302.00
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
13.2.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
13.8.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.76
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
13.10.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA2.48
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
14.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
NA2.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
14.3 Electropositivity
14.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.00
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
14.4 Ionization Energies
14.4.1 1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
15.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/molNA
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
15.6.1 3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
16.2.3 4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/molNA
Tin
2780 37066
16.3.3 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
16.4.2 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
16.5.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
16.6.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
16.8.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
16.10.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
17.1.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
17.1.8 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
17.2.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
17.4.5 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
17.4.11 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
17.4.13 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
1.2.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
1.2.8 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
1.4.3 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
1.5.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
1.9.3 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
1.9.4 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
1.12.1 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
2.1.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
2.2.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
2.3.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
1.1.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
1.2.4 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
1.2.8 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
1.3.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
1.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
1.8 Electron Work Function
3.41 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
1.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
9084
Lithium Metal
3 117
2.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
2.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
9084
Lithium Metal
3 117
2.7.2 Number of Neutrons
142125
Lithium Metal
4 184
1.6.2 Number of Electrons
9084
Lithium Metal
3 117
1.3 Radius of an Atom
1.3.1 Atomic Radius
179.80 pm168.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
1.10.1 Covalent Radius
206.00 pm140.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
1.10.5 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm197.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
1.15 Atomic Weight
232.04 amu209.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
1.17 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
1.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.3.1 Previous Element
1.3.2 Next Element
1.4 Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
1.7 Lattice Constant
508.42 pm335.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
1.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
1.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
2.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA9.40 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
2.6 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
2.7 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
2.10 Vapor Pressure
2.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
3.1.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
3.2 Elasticity properties
3.2.1 Shear Modulus
31.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
3.3.2 Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
3.6.2 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
3.8 Poisson Ratio
0.27NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
3.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.709.32
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
1.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
1.2.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
1.2.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
1.4 Electrical Properties
1.4.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
1.4.2 Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
1.8.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
2.3.2 Electron Affinity
NA183.30 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
3.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
3.4 Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
3.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
4.2 Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
1.4 Enthalpy
1.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
1.6.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
1.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1