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Thorium Technetium Comparison

Thorium
Technetium
Technetium Thorium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Tc  
Group Number
0  
18
7  
11
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440268  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1937  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
2,200.00 °C  
9
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
4,877.00 °C  
7
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Shiny Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
550.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
16,200.00 m/s  
1
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
35.00 %  
34
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
Tc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.36  
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.51  
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
43  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
43  
99+
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
55  
99+
Number of Electrons
90  
28
43  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
147.00 pm  
39
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
98.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Molybdenum
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Ruthenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
180.00 (-eV)  
3
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
273.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.60  
21
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
11.00 g/cm3  
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
11.00 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
11.50  
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
50.60 W/m·K  
30
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
2,150.00 K  
16
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
Summary >>
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