Thorium Technetium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Th
Tc
Group Number
0
18
7
11
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440268
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
History
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Discovery
In 1829
In 1937
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %
11
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %
7
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
29
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C
17
2,200.00 °C
9
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C
8
4,877.00 °C
7
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Shiny Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa
29
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa
29
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s
36
16,200.00 m/s
1
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th
Tc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
28
11
18
21
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.90
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.36
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.51
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
702.00 kJ/mol
36
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol
33
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
0.52 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV
32
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90
28
43
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
90
28
43
99+
Number of Neutrons
142
15
55
99+
Number of Electrons
90
28
43
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm
15
136.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm
7
147.00 pm
37
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu
23
98.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
20
8.50 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)
23
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm
14
273.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
5
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3
32
11.00 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa
21
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa
22
Not Available
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.27
20
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.70
23
11.50
24
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m
22
200.00 nΩ·m
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
0.07 106/cm Ω
30
Electron Affinity
Not Available
53.00 kJ/mol
18
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.21 J/(kg K)
29
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K
30
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K
28
50.60 W/m·K
30
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
7.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
660.00 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
23.01 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
649.00 kJ/mol
8
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
181.10 J/mol.K
2
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