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Technetium Thorium Comparison

Technetium
Thorium
Thorium Technetium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Th  
Group Number
7  
11
0  
18
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
390.00 MPa  
35
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
295.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
15.00 %  
36
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.41 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
142  
16
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
179.80 pm  
17
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
237.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
59.30 (-eV)  
24
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
508.42 pm  
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.10  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
11.72 g/cm3  
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
54.00 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
11.70  
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
2,023.00 K  
20
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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