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Technetium vs Thorium

Technetium
Thorium
Thorium vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc   
Th   
Group Number
7   
11
0   
18
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440268   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1937   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C   
9
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C   
7
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Shiny Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s   
1
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tc   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18   
21
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36   
20
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.51   
28
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
43   
99+
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
55   
99+
142   
15
Number of Electrons
43   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm   
37
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu   
99+
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm   
99+
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
5
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3   
34
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50   
24
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K   
30
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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