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Thorium vs Technetium

Thorium
Technetium
Technetium vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Tc   
Group Number
0   
18
7   
11
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7440268   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero   
Discovery
In 1829   
In 1937   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
2,200.00 °C   
9
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
4,877.00 °C   
7
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Shiny Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
16,200.00 m/s   
1
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Tc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
18   
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.90   
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.36   
20
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.51   
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
702.00 kJ/mol   
36
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol   
33
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.52 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
43   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
43   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
55   
99+
Number of Electrons
90   
28
43   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
136.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
147.00 pm   
37
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
98.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
8.50 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Molybdenum
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Ruthenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
180.00 (-eV)   
3
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
273.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
5
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
11.00 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
11.50   
24
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
200.00 nΩ·m   
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.07 106/cm Ω   
30
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
53.00 kJ/mol   
18
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.21 J/(kg K)   
29
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
50.60 W/m·K   
30
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
7.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
660.00 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
23.01 kJ/mol   
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
649.00 kJ/mol   
8
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
181.10 J/mol.K   
2
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