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Thulium vs Seaborgium

Thulium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Thulium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tm  
Sg  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440304  
99+
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
28
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C  
23
-  
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa  
30
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa  
33
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tm  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.25  
36
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.25  
28
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.25  
35
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.25  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75  
19
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
59,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
596.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
30
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
2.40 eV  
99+
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
69  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
69  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
100  
33
157  
8
Number of Electrons
69  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm  
26
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol  
40
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Erbium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Ytterbium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)  
29
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
353.75 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
69.00 MPa  
32
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)  
10
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa  
26
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa  
30
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa  
29
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m  
5
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K  
28
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,818.00 K  
27
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol  
99+
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol  
17
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K  
9
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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