Titanium

Thallium

Titanium Thallium Comparison

Titanium

Thallium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

413

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

Post-Transition

1.6 CAS Number

74403267440280

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.

Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

W. Gregor & J. Berzelius

William Crookes

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1791

In 1861

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-4 %5 * 10^-9 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0004 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.05 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.66 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.

Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Medical Research

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,660.00 °C303.50 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,287.00 °C1,457.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery Gray-White

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

6.001.20

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

716.00 MPa26.50 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

830.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

5,090.00 m/s818.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

2332

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.541.62

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.092.25

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.321.44

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.96

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.381.79

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.462.38

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

658.80 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,309.80 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,652.50 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,174.60 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

9,581.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

11,533.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

13,590.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

16,440.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

18,530.00 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

20,833.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

25,575.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

28,125.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

76,015.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

83,280.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

90,880.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

100,700.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

109,100.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

117,800.00 kJ/molNA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

129,900.00 kJ/molNA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

137,530.00 kJ/molNA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.45 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.33 eV3.84 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

2281

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

2281

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

26123

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

2281

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

147.00 pm170.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

160.00 pm145.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm196.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu204.38 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

10.64 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

95.20 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

295.08 pm345.66 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.60

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

4.51 g/cm³11.85 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

4.11 g/cm311.22 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

434.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA16.90 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.98 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

44.00 GPa2.80 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

110.00 GPa43.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

116.00 GPa8.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.320.45

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

Ductile, Sectile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

4.5111.85

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

420.00 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω0.06 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

7.60 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.52 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.06 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

21.90 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

8.60 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

429.00 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

15.48 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

468.60 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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