Titanium

Thorium

Titanium vs Thorium

Titanium

Thorium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

0 17

1.5 Period Number

2 7

2.5 Block

d block

f block

2.6 Element Family

Transition Metal

Actinide

2.7 CAS Number

74403267440326

7429905 54386242

1.3 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.4 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.

Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.

2.3 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.4 History

2.4.1 Who Discovered

W. Gregor & J. Berzelius

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.4.2 Discovery

In 1791

In 1829

2.5 Abundance

2.5.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-4 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.5.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.05 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.5.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.66 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.2.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.2.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.

Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.

4.1.2 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.3 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.4 Other Uses

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NA0.02 p.p.m.

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

1,660.00 °C1,750.00 °C

27 3410

6.2 Boiling Point

3,287.00 °C4,790.00 °C

147 5660

6.4 Appearance

6.4.1 Physical State

Solid

6.4.2 Color

Silvery Gray-White

Silver

6.4.3 Luster

Metallic

6.5 Hardness

6.5.1 Mohs Hardness

6.003.00

0.2 8.5

6.5.2 Brinell Hardness

716.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

6.7.2 Vickers Hardness

830.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

6.9 Speed of Sound

5,090.00 m/s2,490.00 m/s

818 16200

6.10 Optical Properties

6.10.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

6.11.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

6.12 Allotropes

✔ ✘

6.12.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.12.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.12.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

2328

0 38

7.4 Electronegativity

7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.541.30

0.7 2.54

7.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.09NA

0.22 2.56

8.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.321.11

0.86 1.82

8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

8.3.10 Allen Electronegativity

1.38NA

0.659 2.7

8.6 Electropositivity

8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.462.70

1.46 3.3

8.7 Ionization Energies

8.7.1 1st Energy Level

658.80 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

8.7.3 2nd Energy Level

1,309.80 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

8.7.6 3rd Energy Level

2,652.50 kJ/mol1,978.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

8.7.10 4th Energy Level

4,174.60 kJ/mol2,780.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

8.7.13 5th Energy Level

9,581.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

8.7.15 6th Energy Level

11,533.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

8.7.19 7th Energy level

13,590.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

8.7.22 8th Energy Level

16,440.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

8.7.23 9th Energy Level

18,530.00 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

8.7.26 10th Energy Level

20,833.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

8.7.27 11th Energy Level

25,575.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

8.7.29 12th Energy Level

28,125.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

8.7.31 13th Energy Level

76,015.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

8.7.33 14th Energy Level

83,280.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

8.7.35 15th Energy Level

90,880.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

8.7.37 16th Energy Level

100,700.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

8.7.40 17th Energy Level

109,100.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

8.7.41 18th Energy Level

117,800.00 kJ/molNA

58570 134810

8.7.44 19th Energy Level

129,900.00 kJ/molNA

64702 148700

8.7.47 20th Energy Level

137,530.00 kJ/molNA

80400 171200

8.7.50 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.7.55 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

8.7.57 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

8.7.61 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.7.64 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.7.68 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.8.2 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

8.9.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.1.1 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.1.3 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.5 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.45 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.6 Electron Work Function

4.33 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

9.7 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

2290

3 117

10.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

[Rn] 6d² 7s²

10.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

10.3.1 Crystal Lattice

10.4 Atom

10.4.1 Number of Protons

2290

3 117

10.6.2 Number of Neutrons

26142

4 184

10.7.2 Number of Electrons

2290

3 117

10.10 Radius of an Atom

10.10.1 Atomic Radius

147.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

10.11.1 Covalent Radius

160.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

10.13.1 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

10.14 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu232.04 amu

6.94 294

10.18 Atomic Volume

10.64 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.2.1 Previous Element

11.2.2 Next Element

11.3 Valence Electron Potential

95.20 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.4 Lattice Constant

295.08 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

11.6 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.7 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

4.51 g/cm³11.72 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

4.11 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

12.4 Tensile Strength

434.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

12.5 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

12.6 Vapor Pressure

12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

12.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.98 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

12.8 Elasticity properties

12.8.1 Shear Modulus

44.00 GPa31.00 GPa

1.3 222

13.1.2 Bulk Modulus

110.00 GPa54.00 GPa

1.6 462

13.1.5 Young's Modulus

116.00 GPa79.00 GPa

1.7 528

13.3 Poisson Ratio

0.320.27

0.032 0.47

13.4 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

14 Magnetic

14.1 Magnetic Characteristics

14.1.1 Specific Gravity

4.5111.70

0.53 4500

14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

14.1.4 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

14.1.6 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

15.2 Electrical Properties

15.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Superconductor

15.2.2 Resistivity

420.00 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω0.07 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.5.1 Electron Affinity

7.60 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

16 Thermal

16.1 Specific Heat

0.52 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

1.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.06 J/mol·K26.23 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

1.3 Thermal Conductivity

21.90 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

1.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

1.5 Thermal Expansion

8.60 µm/(m·K)11.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

1.6 Enthalpy

1.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

429.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

1.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion

15.48 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

1.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization

468.60 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

1.11 Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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