Tm Element

Thulium

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

3 15

Period Number

6 2

Block

f block

Element Family

Lanthanide

CAS Number

7440304 51

Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Space Group Number

194.00 7

Facts

Interesting Facts

Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.

Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Per Teodor Cleve

Discovery

In 1879

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 % 31

Abundance In Sun

0.00 % 28

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 % 47

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 % 43

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 % 41

Abundance In Humans

0.00 % 24

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.

Industrial Uses

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Present in Human Body

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 37

In Bone

0.00 p.p.m. 41

Physical

Melting Point

1,545.00 °C 23

Boiling Point

1,730.00 °C 57

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silvery Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

2.25 16

Brinell Hardness

471.00 MPa 30

Vickers Hardness

520.00 MPa 33

Speed of Sound

2,760.00 m/s 43

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.60 33

Reflectivity

35.00 % 34

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

32 7

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.25 36

Sanderson Electronegativity

1.25 28

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.11 30

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.25 35

Allen Electronegativity

1.25 44

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.75 19

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 55

2nd Energy Level

1,160.00 kJ/mol 67

3rd Energy Level

2,285.00 kJ/mol 58

4th Energy Level

4,120.00 kJ/mol 43

5th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 47

6th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 61

7th Energy level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 54

8th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 52

9th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 50

10th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 52

11th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 57

12th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 61

13th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 46

14th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 35

15th Energy Level

59,600.00 kJ/mol 47

16th Energy Level

59,600.00 kJ/mol 36

17th Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 57

18th Energy Level

5,960.00 kJ/mol 49

19th Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 54

20th Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 51

21st Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 64

22nd Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 45

23rd Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 63

24th Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 47

25th Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 49

26th Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 48

27th Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 50

28th Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 54

29th Energy Level

596.00 kJ/mol 55

30th Energy Level

596.70 kJ/mol 51

Electrochemical Equivalent

2.10 g/amp-hr 30

Electron Work Function

2.40 eV 55

Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

69 47

Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Crystal Lattice

HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

69 46

Number of Neutrons

100 33

Number of Electrons

69 46

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

176.00 pm 20

Covalent Radius

160.00 pm 32

Van der Waals Radius

227.00 pm 26

Atomic Weight

168.93 amu 42

Atomic Volume

18.10 cm3/mol 40

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

49.70 (-eV) 29

Lattice Constant

353.75 pm 44

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57 40

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

9.32 g/cm³ 45

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

8.56 g/cm3 51

Tensile Strength

69.00 MPa 32

Viscosity

0.00 19

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.06 (Pa) 10

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa) 37

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

30.50 GPa 26

Bulk Modulus

44.50 GPa 30

Young's Modulus

74.00 GPa 29

Poisson Ratio

0.21 32

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

9.32 46

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m 17

Susceptibility

0.00 24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

676.00 nΩ·m 5

Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm Ω 54

Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol 26

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.16 J/(kg K) 36

Molar Heat Capacity

27.03 J/mol·K 28

Thermal Conductivity

16.90 W/m·K 50

Critical Temperature

1,818.00 K 27

Thermal Expansion

13.30 µm/(m·K) 35

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

191.00 kJ/mol 63

Enthalpy of Fusion

16.80 kJ/mol 17

Enthalpy of Atomization

247.00 kJ/mol 53

Standard Molar Entropy

74.00 J/mol.K 9

Summary >>

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