Symbol
W
Ni
Group Number
610
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74403377440020
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1781
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %1.30 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C1,453.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C2,732.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.504.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa667.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s4,900.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.101.68
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
62.00 %72.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
W
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3325
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.361.91
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.981.94
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.401.75
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.361.91
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.471.88
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.642.09
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol3,395.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol7,339.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol10,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol12,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol15,600.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol18,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol21,670.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol30,970.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol34,000.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol37,100.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol41,500.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol44,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol48,100.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol55,101.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol58,570.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol148,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol159,000.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol169,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol182,700.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol194,000.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol737.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV5.15 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
7428
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7428
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
11031
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7428
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm124.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm124.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm163.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu58.69 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol6.59 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm352.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.291.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm38.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm37.81 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa345.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)19.50 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa76.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa180.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa200.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.228.90
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00600.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m69.30 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol112.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K26.07 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K90.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K1,728.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol371.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol422.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K29.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻