Symbol
W
Rf
Group Number
64
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
67
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
744033753850365
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
-
Space Group Number
229.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
-
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
In 1781
In 1964
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C2,100.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C5,500.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
-
Luster
Lustrous
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.50-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa1,300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa550.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s6,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.101.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
62.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
W
Rf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3313
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.360.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.981.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.401.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.361.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.470.90
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.642.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,790.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol11,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol579.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol579.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol580.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV6.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
74104
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
74104
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
110157
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
74104
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm150.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm157.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm250.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol23.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)6.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.291.60
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa23.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa23.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa0.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa12.80 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.2223.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
-
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
-
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m0.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K23.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K0.23 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K2,400.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)23.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K57.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻