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Tungsten vs Rutherfordium

Tungsten
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Rf  
Group Number
6  
12
4  
14
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
-  
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
157  
8
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
-  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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