Symbol
W
Tm
Group Number
63
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74403377440304
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1781
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C1,545.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C1,730.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.502.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa520.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.101.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
62.00 %35.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
W
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3332
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.361.25
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.981.25
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.401.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.361.25
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.471.25
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.642.75
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV2.40 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
7469
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7469
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
110100
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7469
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm176.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm160.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm227.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm353.75 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.291.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa69.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa44.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa74.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.229.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K1,818.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻