Symbol
U
Ru
Group Number
08
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
75
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74406117440188
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Cmcm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
63.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
-
Karl Ernst Claus
Discovery
In 1789
In 1844
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C2,250.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C3,900.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.006.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa2,160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa1,160.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.382.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
80.00 %6.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
U
Ru
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2526
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.382.20
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.382.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.42
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.382.20
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.381.54
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.621.80
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,747.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol7,107.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol7,107.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol7,107.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol7,100.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol4,700.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol5,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol7,100.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol7,197.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol7,190.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol7,100.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol710.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol71,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol71,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol7,100.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol710.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol710.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV4.71 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
9244
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
9244
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
14657
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
9244
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm134.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm146.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm270.59 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.021.58
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa173.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa220.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa447.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.230.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
18.8012.45
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol101.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K2,607.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻