1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406117440188
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Karl Ernst Claus
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
4.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.6.2 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
6.2.5 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,132.00 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
9.1.1 Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa2,160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
9.2.4 Vickers Hardness
9.4 Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
818
16200
10.2 Optical Properties
10.2.1 Refractive Index
10.3.1 Reflectivity
10.4 Allotropes
10.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.5 Electronegativity
11.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.7.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.7.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.8.2 Allen Electronegativity
11.10 Electropositivity
11.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.3 Ionization Energies
12.3.1 1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.3.3 2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.4.2 3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.4.5 4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
12.4.7 5th Energy Level
12.4.10 6th Energy Level
12.4.12 7th Energy level
12.4.13 8th Energy Level
12.4.16 9th Energy Level
12.5.2 10th Energy Level
12.6.2 11th Energy Level
12.6.5 12th Energy Level
12.6.7 13th Energy Level
12.6.10 14th Energy Level
12.6.12 15th Energy Level
12.6.14 16th Energy Level
12.6.17 17th Energy Level
12.6.19 18th Energy Level
12.6.22 19th Energy Level
12.6.24 20th Energy Level
12.6.26 21st Energy Level
12.6.28 22nd Energy Level
12.6.29 23rd Energy Level
12.6.31 24th Energy Level
12.6.33 25th Energy Level
12.6.34 26th Energy Level
12.6.36 27th Energy Level
12.6.38 28th Energy Level
12.6.40 29th Energy Level
12.6.42 30th Energy Level
12.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.8 Electron Work Function
12.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
13.3 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.6 Number of Neutrons
13.5.2 Number of Electrons
13.7 Radius of an Atom
13.7.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
13.7.3 Covalent Radius
196.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
14.1.1 Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
14.2 Atomic Weight
238.03 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
14.6 Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.8.1 Previous Element
14.8.2 Next Element
14.9 Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
14.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.6 Tensile Strength
16.8 Viscosity
16.9 Vapor Pressure
16.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.14 Elasticity properties
16.14.1 Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa173.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.16.2 Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa220.00 GPa
1.6
462
17.1.3 Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa447.00 GPa
1.7
528
17.3 Poisson Ratio
17.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.4.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.4.2 Permeability
18.5.2 Susceptibility
18.7 Electrical Properties
18.7.1 Electrical Property
18.7.2 Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.10.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.1.3 Electron Affinity
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.7 Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
21.2 Critical Temperature
21.4 Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
21.6 Enthalpy
21.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.6.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.6.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
22.2 Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1