1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.11 CAS Number
74401887429927
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
- Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.4.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.6.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.5.4 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,250.00 °C860.00 °C
27
3410
1.4 Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C996.00 °C
147
5660
2.5 Appearance
2.5.1 Physical State
2.5.2 Color
2.5.3 Luster
2.6 Hardness
2.6.1 Mohs Hardness
3.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.7.1 Vickers Hardness
6.4 Speed of Sound
6.9 Optical Properties
6.9.1 Refractive Index
7.2.3 Reflectivity
8.2 Allotropes
8.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.6 Electronegativity
9.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.8.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
13.6 Electropositivity
13.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
14.5 Ionization Energies
14.5.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
14.8.5 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol1,216.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
14.9.2 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol2,334.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
1.4.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,734.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
2.5.4 5th Energy Level
2.8.2 6th Energy Level
2.11.3 7th Energy level
3.2.7 8th Energy Level
3.3.5 9th Energy Level
3.4.2 10th Energy Level
3.5.4 11th Energy Level
4.2.4 12th Energy Level
4.4.2 13th Energy Level
4.9.3 14th Energy Level
4.12.6 15th Energy Level
4.14.1 16th Energy Level
5.2.1 17th Energy Level
6.1.1 18th Energy Level
6.2.3 19th Energy Level
7.1.2 20th Energy Level
7.3.3 21st Energy Level
7.7.4 22nd Energy Level
7.9.4 23rd Energy Level
7.10.2 24th Energy Level
7.10.7 25th Energy Level
7.12.2 26th Energy Level
7.12.6 27th Energy Level
7.13.5 28th Energy Level
8.1.11 29th Energy Level
8.2.1 30th Energy Level
8.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr4.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.8 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
11.1.1 Number of Neutrons
11.5.1 Number of Electrons
12.3 Radius of an Atom
12.3.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
13.3.4 Covalent Radius
13.7.4 Van der Waals Radius
13.10 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu252.00 amu
6.94
294
14.4 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
14.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.11.1 Previous Element
14.11.2 Next Element
14.12 Valence Electron Potential
15.2 Lattice Constant
270.59 pmNA
228.58
891.25
16.4 Lattice Angles
16.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm38.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.9.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.16 Tensile Strength
18.2 Viscosity
18.6 Vapor Pressure
18.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
20.8 Elasticity properties
20.8.1 Shear Modulus
20.14.2 Bulk Modulus
21.3.2 Young's Modulus
21.9 Poisson Ratio
21.14 Other Mechanical Properties
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
1.2.3 Permeability
1.5.1 Susceptibility
1.10 Electrical Properties
1.10.1 Electrical Property
1.10.2 Resistivity
2.7.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
4.4.2 Electron Affinity
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
7.6 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
7.9 Thermal Conductivity
8.3 Critical Temperature
8.5 Thermal Expansion
9.3 Enthalpy
9.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
10.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.6.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
10.9 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1