1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.8 CAS Number
74406227440053
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
3.3 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Ores of metals
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
William Hyde Wollaston
3.5.1 Discovery
3.6 Abundance
3.6.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.3 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.7 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.1 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,554.90 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C2,963.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.4 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa320.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.5.8 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa121.00 MPa
121
3430
6.7 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s3,070.00 m/s
818
16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.2.3 Reflectivity
7.3 Allotropes
7.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.10 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.13 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.18 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol520.23 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol7,298.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.4.2 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol11,815.13 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.5.2 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.7.0 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.7.3 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.10.1 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
10.13.2 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
10.14.1 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.1.3 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.2.2 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.4.3 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
11.6.1 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
11.6.4 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
11.7.1 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
12.1.4 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
12.1.6 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
12.2.4 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
12.2.6 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
13.1.1 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
13.3.1 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
13.4.1 22nd Energy Level
13.5.1 23rd Energy Level
13.6.2 24th Energy Level
13.6.4 25th Energy Level
13.6.6 26th Energy Level
13.7.1 27th Energy Level
13.7.2 28th Energy Level
13.7.3 29th Energy Level
13.7.4 30th Energy Level
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.99 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.9 Electron Work Function
13.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.4.2 Number of Neutrons
14.4.3 Number of Electrons
14.5 Radius of an Atom
14.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm137.00 pm
112
265
14.5.2 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
14.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm163.00 pm
139
348
14.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu106.42 amu
6.94
294
14.7 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol8.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.8.1 Previous Element
14.8.2 Next Element
14.9 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)33.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.10 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm389.07 pm
228.58
891.25
14.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm312.02 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm310.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.5.2 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa180.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.5.3 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa121.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.3 Permeability
16.1.4 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m105.40 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol54.23 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K25.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K71.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol376.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol16.74 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol393.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K37.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1