Symbol
V
Pt
Group Number
510
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
46
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74406227440064
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Antonio de Ulloa
Discovery
In 1801
In 1735
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
-
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,772.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C3,827.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.703.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa400.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s2,800.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.052.41
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
61.00 %73.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
V
Pt
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2235
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.632.28
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.392.28
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.451.44
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.632.20
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.531.72
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.371.72
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,791.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,277.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol8,702.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol8,702.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol5,660.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol87,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol8,700.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.10 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.82 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV5.65 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Atomic Number
2378
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2378
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
28117
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2378
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm139.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm136.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm175.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol9.09 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)392.42 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm392.42 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.701.56
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm321.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm319.77 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa125.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)0.07 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa61.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa230.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa168.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.370.38
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.9621.45
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m105.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol205.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K71.60 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K2,041.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)8.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol510.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol19.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻