1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74406227440064
7429905
54386242
1.15 Space Group Name
1.16 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Antonio de Ulloa
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.13.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.18.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.1.1 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
-
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
8.1.5 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,772.00 °C
27
3410
10.3 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C3,827.00 °C
147
5660
10.6 Appearance
10.6.1 Physical State
10.7.1 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery White
10.7.2 Luster
10.8 Hardness
10.8.1 Mohs Hardness
11.2.2 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
12.1.2 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa400.00 MPa
121
3430
13.4 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s2,800.00 m/s
818
16200
13.8 Optical Properties
13.8.1 Refractive Index
14.1.2 Reflectivity
14.4 Allotropes
14.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15 Chemical
15.1 Chemical Formula
15.2 Isotopes
15.2.1 Known Isotopes
15.7 Electronegativity
15.7.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
17.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
17.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
18.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
18.7 Electropositivity
18.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
20.3 Ionization Energies
20.3.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
20.3.4 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,791.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
20.4.1 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
20.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
20.6.3 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
21.1.1 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
21.1.4 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
21.4.2 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
21.7.2 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
21.7.3 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
21.9.1 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
21.11.1 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
21.12.1 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
21.13.2 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
21.13.5 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
21.13.9 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
21.13.11 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
21.13.15 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
21.13.18 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
21.14.2 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
21.14.5 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
21.14.6 22nd Energy Level
21.14.9 23rd Energy Level
21.14.10 24th Energy Level
21.14.13 25th Energy Level
21.14.15 26th Energy Level
21.14.17 27th Energy Level
21.14.19 28th Energy Level
21.14.21 29th Energy Level
21.14.23 30th Energy Level
21.15 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.82 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
21.16 Electron Work Function
21.17 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
22 Atomic
22.1 Atomic Number
22.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
22.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
22.3.1 Crystal Lattice
22.4 Atom
22.4.1 Number of Protons
22.4.4 Number of Neutrons
22.4.9 Number of Electrons
22.5 Radius of an Atom
22.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
22.5.4 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm136.00 pm
96
260
22.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm175.00 pm
139
348
22.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
22.7 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol9.09 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
22.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
22.9.1 Previous Element
22.9.2 Next Element
22.10 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)392.42 (-eV)
8
392.42
22.12 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm392.42 pm
228.58
891.25
23.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
23.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
24 Mechanical
24.1 Density
24.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm321.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
24.5.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm319.77 g/cm3
0.512
20
25.2 Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa125.00 MPa
2.5
11000
25.6 Viscosity
25.7 Vapor Pressure
25.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)0.07 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
25.9 Elasticity properties
25.9.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa61.00 GPa
1.3
222
25.9.4 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa230.00 GPa
1.6
462
25.11.1 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa168.00 GPa
1.7
528
25.13 Poisson Ratio
25.17 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
26 Magnetic
26.1 Magnetic Characteristics
26.1.1 Specific Gravity
26.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
26.2.2 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
26.5.1 Susceptibility
27.2 Electrical Properties
27.2.1 Electrical Property
27.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m105.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
27.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
27.8.1 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol205.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
29 Thermal
29.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
29.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
29.4 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K71.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
29.7 Critical Temperature
29.9 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)8.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
29.11 Enthalpy
29.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol510.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
30.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol19.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
30.1.7 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
30.3 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1