1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74406227440177
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
4.1.3 Medical Uses
4.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Grayish White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.4 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
5.4.6 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.2 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.8 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.5.10 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.5.13 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.5.15 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.5.17 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.6.1 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.6.2 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.7.1 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
7.1.1 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
7.4.2 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
7.4.4 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
7.4.6 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
7.4.7 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
7.5.2 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
7.5.4 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
7.5.6 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
7.6.1 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
7.7.1 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
7.7.2 22nd Energy Level
7.9.1 23rd Energy Level
7.9.2 24th Energy Level
7.10.1 25th Energy Level
7.10.2 26th Energy Level
7.12.1 27th Energy Level
8.1.2 28th Energy Level
8.1.3 29th Energy Level
8.1.5 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.5 Electron Work Function
8.7 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.5.2 Number of Neutrons
9.5.4 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
9.7.1 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
10.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
10.3 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.5.1 Previous Element
10.5.2 Next Element
10.6 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.7 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
10.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.9 Elasticity properties
12.9.1 Shear Modulus
12.10.2 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
12.10.4 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa2.40 GPa
1.7
528
12.11 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1