Symbol
V
Sm
Group Number
53
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
46
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74406227440199
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1801
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Slightly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,072.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C1,900.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.705.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa441.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa412.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.051.80
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
61.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
V
Sm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2230
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.631.17
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.391.17
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.451.07
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.631.17
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.531.17
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.372.83
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol5,440.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol5,440.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol5,450.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol54,450.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol54,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol5,445.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol624.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol624.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV2.70 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
2362
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2362
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
2888
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2362
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm180.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm198.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm229.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu150.36 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm362.10 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.701.62
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.94 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa19.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa37.80 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa49.70 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.370.27
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.967.52
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K1,345.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻