1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.10 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.11 CAS Number
74406227440199
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,072.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C1,900.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery White
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa441.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa412.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
818
16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.11.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.6 Ionization Energies
9.6.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.2 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.4 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.6 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.8.8 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.8.10 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.8.11 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.8.13 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.8.15 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.8.17 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.8.19 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.8.21 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
9.8.23 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
9.8.25 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
9.8.27 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
9.8.28 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
9.8.30 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
9.8.32 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
9.8.34 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
9.8.36 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
9.8.37 22nd Energy Level
9.8.39 23rd Energy Level
9.8.41 24th Energy Level
9.8.43 25th Energy Level
9.8.45 26th Energy Level
9.8.47 27th Energy Level
9.8.49 28th Energy Level
9.8.50 29th Energy Level
9.8.52 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.5.1 Number of Neutrons
10.6.1 Number of Electrons
11.2 Radius of an Atom
11.2.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm198.00 pm
96
260
11.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu150.36 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.9.1 Previous Element
11.9.2 Next Element
11.10 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.11 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm362.10 pm
228.58
891.25
11.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.5 Tensile Strength
12.7 Viscosity
12.8 Vapor Pressure
12.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa19.50 GPa
1.3
222
13.2.3 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa37.80 GPa
1.6
462
13.3.1 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa49.70 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.3 Permeability
14.2.4 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
1.3 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
1.6 Critical Temperature
1.10 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.13 Enthalpy
1.13.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.5.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1