Ytterbium vs Neodymium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Nd
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440008
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1878
In 1885
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
30
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,010.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
3,127.00 °C
28
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
265.00 MPa
35
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
345.00 MPa
27
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
2,330.00 m/s
38
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Nd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.14
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.07
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.86
13
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.20 eV
34
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
60
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
60
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
84
40
Number of Electrons
70
99+
60
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
181.00 pm
13
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
201.00 pm
10
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
144.24 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
20.60 cm3/mol
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
365.80 pm
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
7.01 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
6.89 g/cm3
36
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
101.00 (Pa)
2
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
16.30 GPa
38
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
31.80 GPa
37
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
41.40 GPa
40
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.28
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
7.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
643.00 nΩ·m
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
27.45 J/mol·K
17
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
16.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
273.00 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
322.00 kJ/mol
32
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
71.50 J/mol.K
13
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