Americium vs Rhodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Am
Rh
Group Number
Not Available
9
9
Period Number
7
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440359
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1944
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.28
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.45
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95
23
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
95
23
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
148
12
58
99+
Number of Electrons
95
23
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm
21
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm
21
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm
10
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu
20
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol
29
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)
40
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm
99+
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3
30
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
Not Available
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.67
15
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
Not Available
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K
1
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol
24
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol
40
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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