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Americium vs Rhodium

Americium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Rh  
Group Number
10  
8
9  
9
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Am  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
95  
23
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
13
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
95  
23
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
23
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
32
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.67 g/cm3  
26
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
44.00 GPa  
32
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
58.00 GPa  
36
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
26
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,449.00 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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