berkelium

Gadolinium

berkelium mungsuh Gadolinium

berkelium

Gadolinium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya0

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

actinide

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74404067440542

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

X-ray Diffraction- senyawa sing beda saka logam Berkelium sing dikenali nggunakake.

komersial saka logam Berkelium sing durung ditemokake.

Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.

2.2 sumber

Némbakaké Americium karo Alpha partikel.

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1949

ing taun 1880

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiya2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

logam iki arang banget lan wis ora komersial.

wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Unknown

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.00 ppmora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

986.00 ° C1,311.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,627.00 ° C3,233.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Silver

perak Putih

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya510.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

ora Sumadhiya2,680.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1426

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.301.20

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.201.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

2.70ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.80

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

601.00 kJ / mol593.40 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,186.00 kJ / mol1,170.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,152.00 kJ / mol1,990.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,434.00 kJ / mol4,250.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

3.07 g / amp-day1.96 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya3.10 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

9764

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 5F ⁹ 7s ²

[Xe] 4F ⁷ 5d ¹ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Double Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (DHCP)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

9764

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

15093

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

9764

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

170.00 pm180.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

ora Sumadhiya196.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

ora Sumadhiya237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

247.00 Amu47.87 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

ora Sumadhiya19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

45.50 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

341.60 pm363.60 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.59

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

14.78 g / cm ³7.90 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

13.25 g / cm37.40 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya7.39 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya21.80 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya37.90 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya54.80 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.26

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

14.007.90

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

ora Sumadhiya1.31 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

ora Sumadhiya0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

ora Sumadhiya50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

ora Sumadhiya0.23 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

ora Sumadhiya37.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

10.00 W / m · K10.60 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

ora Sumadhiya9.40 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

1.4 enthalpy

1.4.1 Enthalpy panguapan

ora Sumadhiya359.40 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

1.7.1 Enthalpy saka Fusion

ora Sumadhiya10.05 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

1.9.1 Enthalpy saka atomization

ora Sumadhiya352.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

1.10 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiya68.10 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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