Gadolinium mungsuh Bismuth
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Gd
Bi
Panggil Group
0
18
15
3
Panggil periode
6
6
Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
lanthanide
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440542
33
7440699
22
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
C12 / m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
facts
Facts Interesting
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
- metal Bismuth larut lan apa sing ditanggepi karo asam nitrat klempakan.
- Iku oksida digunakake minangka pigmen kuning ing Paint. Bismuth klorida oxide BiClO menehi susunan pearly kanggo Kosmetik.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
ing taun 1880
ing taun 1753
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
7 * 10-8 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000006 %
14
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
24
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
- Tin lan wesi bismuth duwe titik leleh banget kurang lan Empu kang digunakake ing layang geni lan geni extinguishers. Uga digunakake ing solders elektrik lan nyawijikaké.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Industry Pharmaceutical
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Low Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
ora Sumadhiya
0.02 Sang / mg dm-3
20
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.20 ppm
22
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,311.00 ° C
35
271.30 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 ° C
25
1,560.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Silver
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
2.25
15
Brinell atose
ora Sumadhiya
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
510.00 MPa
22
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,680.00 m / s
34
1,790.00 m / s
99+
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Gd
Bi
isotop
Isotop dikenal
26
13
33
6
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.20
39
2.02
6
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.15
4
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80
15
1.98
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
703.00 kJ / mol
35
Level Energy 2
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ / mol
33
Level Energy 3rd
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
4,370.00 kJ / mol
28
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
5,400.00 kJ / mol
30
Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya
8,520.00 kJ / mol
19
padha karo elektrokimia
1.96 g / amp-day
32
2.60 g / amp-day
19
Fungsi Work elektron
3.10 eV
35
4.22 eV
22
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
64
99+
83
33
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
64
99+
83
33
Jumlah Neutron
93
37
126
18
Jumlah Èlèktron
64
99+
83
33
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
180.00 pm
14
156.00 pm
29
kovalen Radius
196.00 pm
14
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
207.00 pm
26
Bobot atom
47.87 Amu
99+
208.98 Amu
29
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
21.30 cm3 / mol
14
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
46.10 (-eV)
34
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
363.60 pm
32
667.40 pm
2
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Pola C / A rasio
1.59
9
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
9.78 g / cm 3
39
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
7.40 g / cm3
31
10.05 g / cm3
18
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)
9
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
21.80 GPA
33
12.00 GPA
99+
pengaturan akeh
37.90 GPA
34
31.00 GPA
38
Young kang pengaturan
54.80 GPA
35
32.00 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.26
23
0.33
11
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
7.90
40
9.79
30
Nindakake Magnetic
Ferromagnetic
diamagnetic
permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 H / m
6
kelemahan
ora Sumadhiya
0.00
6
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Semiconductor
resistivity
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
1.29 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
91.20 kJ / mol
11
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
37.03 J / mol · K
2
25.52 J / mol · K
37
doyo termal
10.60 W / m · K
99+
7.97 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
13.40 μm / (m · K)
28
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
359.40 kJ / mol
21
151.00 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
10.05 kJ / mol
36
10.90 kJ / mol
33
Enthalpy saka atomization
352.00 kJ / mol
27
207.10 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
68.10 J / mol.K
16
56.70 J / mol.K
24
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