Gadolinium mungsuh thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Gd
Th
Panggil Group
0
18
0
18
Panggil periode
6
7
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
lanthanide
actinide
CAS Number
7440542
33
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
ing taun 1880
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
34
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
30
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
15
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,311.00 ° C
35
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
3,233.00 ° C
25
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Silver
luster
metallic
NA
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
3.00
12
Brinell atose
ora Sumadhiya
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
510.00 MPa
22
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
2,680.00 m / s
34
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Gd
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
26
13
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.20
39
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80
15
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
padha karo elektrokimia
1.96 g / amp-day
32
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
3.10 eV
35
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
64
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
64
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
93
37
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
64
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
180.00 pm
14
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
196.00 pm
14
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
47.87 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
46.10 (-eV)
34
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
363.60 pm
32
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.59
9
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
7.40 g / cm3
31
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)
9
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
21.80 GPA
33
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
37.90 GPA
34
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
54.80 GPA
35
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
0.26
23
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
7.90
40
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
Ferromagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
superconductor
resistivity
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
37.03 J / mol · K
2
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
10.60 W / m · K
99+
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
359.40 kJ / mol
21
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
10.05 kJ / mol
36
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
352.00 kJ / mol
27
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
68.10 J / mol.K
16
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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