thulium mungsuh kobalt
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Tm
Co
Panggil Group
ora Sumadhiya
9
9
Panggil periode
6
4
Block
pemblokiran f
d block
Family unsur
lanthanide
transisi Metal
CAS Number
7440304
99+
7440484
38
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
- Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.
Character length exceed error
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Senyawa, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Per Teodor Cleve
Georg Brandt
Discovery
ing taun 1879
ing 1732
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.00000002 %
28
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
99+
0.06 %
10
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
20
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
17
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
- Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.
- Sawijining wesi aluminium lan nikel sing digunakake kanggo nggawe wesi sembrani kuat.
- Sawetara wesi liyane ngetokne kekuatan-suhu dhuwur lan Empu padha digunakake ing Turbines saka Jet lan Gas engine.
Ulah Industrial
NA
Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Industry Pharmaceutical
Ulah liyane
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
Unknown
Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
ora Sumadhiya
0.04 Sang / mg dm-3
18
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.04 ppm
27
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,545.00 ° C
23
1,495.00 ° C
29
Boiling Point
1,730.00 ° C
99+
2,870.00 ° C
34
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Gray
Gray
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
5.00
8
Brinell atose
471.00 MPa
25
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers atose
520.00 MPa
21
1,043.00 MPa
11
Kacepetan swara
ora Sumadhiya
4,720.00 m / s
14
Properties Optical
reflectivity
ora Sumadhiya
67.00 %
11
allotropes
Ora
Ya
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
α-kobalt
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
β-kobalt
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Tm
Co
isotop
Isotop dikenal
32
7
26
13
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.25
35
1.88
12
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.70
5
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.75
19
2.12
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
596.70 kJ / mol
99+
760.40 kJ / mol
19
Level Energy 2
1,160.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,648.00 kJ / mol
31
Level Energy 3rd
2,285.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,232.00 kJ / mol
22
Level Energy 4
4,120.00 kJ / mol
33
4,950.00 kJ / mol
19
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
7,670.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya
9,840.00 kJ / mol
12
tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya
12,440.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya
15,230.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya
17,959.00 kJ / mol
13
Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya
26,570.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiya
29,400.00 kJ / mol
8
Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiya
32,400.00 kJ / mol
8
Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiya
36,600.00 kJ / mol
8
Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiya
39,700.00 kJ / mol
9
Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiya
42,800.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiya
49,396.00 kJ / mol
11
Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiya
52,737.00 kJ / mol
13
Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiya
134,810.00 kJ / mol
1
Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiya
145,170.00 kJ / mol
2
Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiya
154,700.00 kJ / mol
4
Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiya
167,400.00 kJ / mol
4
Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiya
178,100.00 kJ / mol
3
Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiya
189,300.00 kJ / mol
3
padha karo elektrokimia
2.10 g / amp-day
26
1.10 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
ora Sumadhiya
5.00 eV
5
Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi
atom Properties
Panggil atom
69
99+
22
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 13 6s 2
[Ar] 3d 2 4s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
69
99+
22
99+
Jumlah Neutron
100
32
26
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
69
99+
22
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
176.00 pm
18
147.00 pm
34
kovalen Radius
160.00 pm
30
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
ora Sumadhiya
200.00 pm
28
Bobot atom
168.93 Amu
99+
47.87 Amu
99+
Volume atom
18.10 cm3 / mol
28
10.64 cm3 / mol
99+
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
49.70 (-eV)
28
95.20 (-eV)
10
Constant pola
353.75 pm
40
295.08 pm
99+
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
1.57
17
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
9.32 g / cm 3
40
4.51 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
8.56 g / cm3
24
4.11 g / cm3
99+
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
434.00 MPa
9
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.06 (Pa)
10
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.98 (Pa)
14
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
30.50 GPA
22
44.00 GPA
17
pengaturan akeh
44.50 GPA
26
110.00 GPA
15
Young kang pengaturan
74.00 GPA
27
116.00 GPA
18
Poisson rasio
0.21
31
0.32
12
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
9.32
31
4,500.00
1
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman miskin
resistivity
676.00 nΩ · m
5
420.00 nΩ · m
12
konduktivitas listrik
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
7.60 kJ / mol
37
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.16 J / (kg K)
35
0.52 J / (kg K)
9
Graham Kapasitas kalor
27.03 J / mol · K
22
25.06 J / mol · K
99+
doyo termal
16.90 W / m · K
99+
21.90 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
13.30 μm / (m · K)
29
8.60 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
191.00 kJ / mol
99+
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
16.80 kJ / mol
17
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
247.00 kJ / mol
99+
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
74.00 J / mol.K
9
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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