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Tungsten vs Zirconium

Tungsten
Zirconium
Zirconium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Zr  
Group Number
6  
12
4  
14
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440677  
23
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1789  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,852.00 °C  
15
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
4,377.00 °C  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
638.00 MPa  
21
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
820.00 MPa  
22
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
3,800.00 m/s  
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Zr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.33  
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
0.90  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.22  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.33  
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.32  
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.67  
24
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.05 eV  
34
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
40  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
40  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
51  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
40  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
91.22 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Yttrium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Niobium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
80.00 (-eV)  
18
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
323.20 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.59  
25
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
12
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
33.00 GPa  
23
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
91.10 GPa  
18
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
88.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
6.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,128.00 K  
17
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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