Barium vs Californium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba
Cf
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Actinide
CAS Number
7440393
99+
7440713
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1772
In 1950
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %
11
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
- It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.
9
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C
99+
900.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C
99+
1,470.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.25
19
3.00
12
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba
Cf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
37
2
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68
28
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88
22
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.88
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11
4
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
608.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
2,267.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,599.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
3.12 g/amp-hr
15
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56
99+
98
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
56
99+
98
20
Number of Neutrons
81
99+
153
9
Number of Electrons
56
99+
98
20
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm
4
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm
5
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm
6
Not Available
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu
99+
251.00 amu
17
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol
5
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)
99+
44.50 (-eV)
38
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm
15
338.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3
99+
15.10 g/cm3
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
3.62
99+
15.10
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Unknown
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m
13
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
Not Available
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol
36
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K
12
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K
99+
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K
20
Not Available
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