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Barium vs Californium

Barium
Californium
Californium vs Barium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ba   
Cf   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440393   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1772   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.03 %   
11
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
12
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3   
15
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
70.00 p.p.m.   
9
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
725.00 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,140.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.25   
19
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
1,620.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ba   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
37   
2
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.68   
28
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.88   
22
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.88   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.11   
4
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
502.90 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
965.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,600.00 kJ/mol   
14
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.56 g/amp-hr   
20
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
56   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
56   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
81   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
56   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
222.00 pm   
4
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
215.00 pm   
5
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
268.00 pm   
6
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
137.33 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
39.24 cm3/mol   
5
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cesium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Lanthanum
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
21.30 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
502.80 pm   
15
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
3.51 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.34 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.11 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
9.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
3.62   
99+
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
332.00 nΩ·m   
13
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
40
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
13.95 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
30
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
28.07 J/mol·K   
12
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
18.40 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
20.60 µm/(m·K)   
22
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
175.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
62.50 J/mol.K   
20
Not Available   
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