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Aluminium vs Dubnium

Aluminium
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Aluminium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Al  
Db  
Group Number
13  
5
5  
13
Period Number
3  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7429905  
99+
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1825  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
5
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %  
5
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %  
1
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
6
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
660.37 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.75  
14
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s  
14
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.61  
31
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Al  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
11  
27
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61  
23
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71  
16
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47  
15
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.61  
23
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39  
32
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
20
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
39
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
5,770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
5,775.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
577.00 kJ/mol  
99+
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV  
26
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
13  
99+
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
13  
99+
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
14  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
13  
99+
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm  
39
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm  
99+
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu  
99+
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Magnesium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Potassium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)  
17
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm  
25
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa  
19
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa  
30
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.72  
99+
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol  
31
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K  
4
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
933.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
18
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol  
99+
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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