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Dubnium vs Polonium

Dubnium
Polonium
Polonium vs Dubnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Db  
Po  
Group Number
5  
13
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
53850354  
14
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1968  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
330.00 MPa  
38
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.20  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
55.00 %  
27
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Db  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
105  
13
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
105  
13
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
125  
20
Number of Electrons
105  
13
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm  
37
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu  
10
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rutherfordium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Seaborgium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3  
5
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
29.30 g/cm3  
6
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
34.00 GPa  
22
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
39.00 GPa  
39
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
39.00  
3
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
-  
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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