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Polonium vs Hassium

Polonium
Hassium
Hassium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Hs  
Group Number
16  
2
8  
10
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
54037579  
11
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
-  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
  • Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1984  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.50  
10
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
230.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
2,450.00 MPa  
5
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
69.00 %  
14
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Hs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
733.30 kJ/mol  
26
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,756.00 kJ/mol  
25
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,827.00 kJ/mol  
37
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
3,637.50 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,175.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,535.50 kJ/mol  
32
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,857.40 kJ/mol  
21
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
4,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
1,124.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
68,200.00 kJ/mol  
31
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
32,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
1,089.00 kJ/mol  
22
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
1,086.50 kJ/mol  
19
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
1,086.00 kJ/mol  
30
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
540.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
108  
10
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
108  
10
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
158  
7
Number of Electrons
84  
32
108  
10
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
22.70 cm3/mol  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Bohrium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Meitnerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.31  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
40.70 g/cm3  
1
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
41.00 g/cm3  
1
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
27
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
41.00  
2
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
41.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
63.20 kJ/mol  
19
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.92 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
21.20 µm/(m·K)  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
126.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
57.20 J/mol.K  
29
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