Americium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Am
Ce
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440359
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1944
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.08
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95
23
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
95
23
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
148
12
82
99+
Number of Electrons
95
23
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm
21
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm
21
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm
10
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu
20
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol
29
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)
40
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3
30
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
13
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.67
15
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K
1
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol
24
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol
40
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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