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Cerium vs Nobelium

Cerium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce  
No  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440451  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
33
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
795.00 °C  
99+
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C  
24
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
-  
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.20  
9
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ce  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.12  
37
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
32
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88  
11
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
58  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
58  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm  
14
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm  
8
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm  
21
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm  
38
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
31
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa  
99+
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa  
99+
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
27
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,071.00 K  
99+
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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