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Americium Lead Comparison

Americium
Lead
Lead Americium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Pb   
Group Number
Not Available   
14   
4
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1944   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
125   
19
Number of Electrons
95   
23
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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