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Americium vs Samarium

Americium
Samarium
Samarium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Sm  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
5 * 10-7 %  
19
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
441.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
412.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
1.17  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
1.07  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
1.87 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95  
23
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
12
88  
39
Number of Electrons
95  
23
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
21
180.00 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
21
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
10
229.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
19.95 cm3/mol  
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
40
44.80 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
362.10 pm  
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
30
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
7.16 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
19.50 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
37.80 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
49.70 GPa  
37
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
15
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.20 J/(kg K)  
31
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
29.54 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
8.62 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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